Роль алычи - Prunus Cerasifera Ehrh. в происхождении, эволюции и совершенствовании...

At Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station of VIR, as a result of collecting, studying, and selective use of myrobalan plum genetic diversity, the intraspecific taxonomy of the species <i>Prunus cerasifera</i> Ehrh. was clarified. Donors of traits significant for breeding were identified and, with their use, adaptable cultivars of myrobalan plum, Russian plum and clonal rootstocks of stone fruit plants were developed. Intraspecific classification of <i>P. cerasifera</i> is proposed, with the identified subspecies: subsp. <i>cerasifera</i> (typical myrobalan plum); subsp. <i>orientalis</i> (M. Pop.) Erem. et Garcov. (Oriental myrobalan plum); and subsp. <i>macrocarpa</i> Erem. et Garcov. (large-fruited myrobalan plum). Within subsp. <i>P. cerasifera</i> subsp. <i>macrocarpa</i>, varieties were identified: var. <i>macrocarpa</i> (typical, or Krymsk); var. <i>georgica</i> Erem. et Garcov. (Georgian); var. <i>iranica</i> (Koval.) Erem. et Garcov. (Iranian); var. <i>nairica</i> (Koval.) Erem. et Garcov. (Armenian); var. <i>pissardii</i> Carr. (Pissard); and var. <i>taurica</i> (Kost.) Erem. et Garcov. (Taurida). The participation of myrobalan plum in the origin of spp. <i>P. brigantiaca</i> Vill., <i>P. cocomilia</i> Tem., and <i>P. spinosa</i> L. was traced. Involvement of large-fruited myrobalan plum in hybridization with blackthorn contributed to the manifestation of an exceptional polymorphism among the varieties of the hybridogenic species <i>P. domestica</i> L. (<i>P. cerasifera</i> × <i>P. spinosa</i>). As a result of hybridization between myrobalan plum and Chinese plum varieties, a new cultigen species emerged - Russian plum (× <i>P. rossica</i> Erem.). By now, 127 cultivars of this species and 7 clonal rootstocks for stone fruit crops have been developed. These cultivars and clonal rootstocks are zoned for Russia and a number of other countries.

breeding, myrobalan plum, stone fruit plants, taxonomy, variety, косточковые культуры, селекция, систематика, сорт

Русский

Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции. – 2020. – № 4. – С. 136–141.