Politics in the Portuguese Empire

Clarendon Press

1993

XVI, 322 p.

9780198273738

1. The Creation of the Estado Novo, 1926-1936 -- 2. The Nature of the Portuguese Textile Industry -- 3. The Establishment of the Cotton-Growing Regime -- 4. Intervention and Industrialization: The Estado Novo, 1936-1946 -- 5. The Textle Industry at War: New Markets, Old Machinery -- 6. The Intensification of the Cotton Campaign -- 7. Pretensions of Democracy and Development, 1946-1958 -- 8. Post-War Crisis in the Textile Industry -- 9. Colonial Cotton in Transition -- 10. The Decline of the Authoritarian Regime, 1958-1974 -- 11. A Divided Industry -- 12. The Collapse of Portuguese Colonialism.

Did the expansion of colonial empires in Africa drain the resources of the metropole or did they produce new pockets of wealth? Whether colonialism brought costs or benefits to metropolitan governments and industry occupied the minds of European policy-makers and manufacturers in the nineteenth century and has fuelled debates among scholars of colonialism during most of the twentieth. Portugal's empire in Africa was no exception. Although it furnished protected markets and guaranteed supplies for trade and industry, the empire also exacted its price. For the Portuguese, as for many other colonial powers, no undertaking exposed the benefits and burdens as starkly as the creation of the cotton regime. Anne Pitcher looks in detail at metropolitan and colonial policy under the Salazar and Caetano governments and critically assesses the influence of empire on the development of the textile industry in metropolitan Portugal. She challenges myths about the corporate nature of the Portuguese regime after 1926, exposes the pitfalls of authoritarian economic solutions, and concludes that links with empire were not necessarily beneficial; instead, conflicting interests and contradictory policies had unintentional, even debilitating, effects on many participants in the system - from African cotton producers to metropolitan textile manufacturers. This book examines the complex relationship which existed for nearly half a century between the Portuguese authoritarian regime, the domestic textile industry, and the empire in Africa and finds that, contrary to the common assumption, state policies did not always favour Portugal's major industry. It will be of interest not only to scholars working on the political economy of Portugal and Portuguese-speaking Africa, but also to comparativists studying the costs and benefits of empire or investigating different models of development.

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